C# - Stack<T>

Stack is a special type of collection that stores elements in LIFO style (Last In First Out). C# includes the generic Stack<T> and non-generic Stack collection classes. It is recommended to use the generic Stack<T> collection.

Stack is useful to store temporary data in LIFO style, and you might want to delete an element after retrieving its value.

Stack<T> Characteristics

Stack<T> is Last In First Out collection.
It comes under System.Collection.Generic namespace.
Stack<T> can contain elements of the specified type. It provides compile-time type checking and doesn't perform boxing-unboxing because it is generic.
Elements can be added using the Push() method. Cannot use collection-initializer syntax.
Elements can be retrieved using the Pop() and the Peek() methods. It does not support an indexer.

Creating a Stack

You can create an object of the Stack<T> by specifying a type parameter for the type of elements it can store. The following example creates and adds elements in the Stack<T> using the Push() method. Stack allows null (for reference types) and duplicate values.

Example: Create and Add Elements in Stack

Stack<int> myStack = new Stack<int>();
myStack.Push(1);
myStack.Push(2);
myStack.Push(3);
myStack.Push(4);

foreach (var item in myStack)
     Console.Write(item + ","); //prints 4,3,2,1,

Try it

You can also create a Stack from an array, as shown below.

Example: Create and Add Elements in Stack

int[] arr = new int[]{ 1, 2, 3, 4};
Stack<int> myStack = new Stack<int>(arr);

foreach (var item in myStack)
     Console.Write(item + ","); //prints 4,3,2,1,

Try it

Stack<T> Properties and Methods:

Property	Usage
Count	Returns the total count of elements in the Stack.

Method	Usage
Push(T)	Inserts an item at the top of the stack.
Peek()	Returns the top item from the stack.
Pop()	Removes and returns items from the top of the stack.
Contains(T)	Checks whether an item exists in the stack or not.
Clear()	Removes all items from the stack.

Pop()

The Pop() method returns the last element and removes it from a stack. If a stack is empty, then it will throw the InvalidOperationException. So, always check for the number of elements in a stack before calling the Pop() method.

Example: Access Stack using Pop()

Stack<int> myStack = new Stack<int>();
myStack.Push(1);
myStack.Push(2);
myStack.Push(3);
myStack.Push(4);

Console.Write("Number of elements in Stack: {0}", myStack.Count);

while (myStack.Count > 0)
     Console.Write(myStack.Pop() + ",");

Console.Write("Number of elements in Stack: {0}", myStack.Count);

Try it

Output:

Number of elements in Stack: 4 4,3,2,1, Number of elements in Stack: 0

Peek()

The Peek() method returns the lastly added value from the stack but does not remove it. Calling the Peek() method on an empty stack will throw the InvalidOperationException. So, always check for elements in the stack before retrieving elements using the Peek() method.

Example: Retrieve Elements usign Peek()

            Stack<int> myStack = new Stack<int>();
myStack.Push(1);
myStack.Push(2);
myStack.Push(3);
myStack.Push(4);

Console.Write("Number of elements in Stack: {0}", myStack.Count);// prints 4

if(myStack.Count > 0){
     Console.WriteLine(myStack.Peek()); // prints 4
     Console.WriteLine(myStack.Peek()); // prints 4
}

Console.Write("Number of elements in Stack: {0}", myStack.Count);// prints 4

        
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Contains()

The Contains() method checks whether the specified element exists in a Stack collection or not. It returns true if it exists, otherwise false.

Example: Contains()

Stack<int> myStack = new Stack<int>();
myStack.Push(1);
myStack.Push(2);
myStack.Push(3);
myStack.Push(4);

myStack.Contains(2); // returns true
myStack.Contains(10); // returns false

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